Microservice Testing Approaches: A Systematic Literature Review

Testing is a crucial part of each code development method to which organizations devote extensive time and effort. The ever-changing industry needs of business necessitate that experts adopt and support themselves to meet the requirements in microservice testing, and in the process of doing so, contribute escalation to newer approaches and essential techniques of architecture in microservice testing from the perspective of microservice testing, the advancement of “microservice†is the result of such an activity to make the testing quality better and its impact penetrates down to the quality assurance teams. Working on testing microservice has become a newer structure of this testing architecture. This study explains the challenges that the testing world has to deal with and the effective strategies that can be predicted to overcome them while testing for applications and its design with a microservice testing approaches. This study can also serve as a guide to anyone who wants apparition into microservices and would like to know more about microservice. Testing approaches that can be developed and successfully applied while working within such a landscape. However, one of the major advantages of using microservice that it offers, efficient, flexible, effective, reusability mechanism. Furthermore, it is a secure way to reduce the development and testing time and cost. The security, performance, traceability, compatibility, complexity, effectiveness and scalability become some of the major concerns when testing approaches, frameworks, tools and models are applied for each microservice repository and no previous research addresses these concerns. In this review, we present some testing approaches, frameworks, tools and models to address all these concerns

Web service testing techniques: A systematic literature review

These days continual demands on loosely coupled systems have web service gives basic necessities to deliver resolution that are adaptable and sufficient to be work at runtime for maintaining the high quality of the system. One of the basic techniques to evaluate the quality of such systems is through testing. Due to the rapid popularization of web service, which is progressing and continuously increasing, testing of web service has become a basic necessity to maintain high quality of web service. The testing of the performance of Web service based applications is attracting extensive attention. In order to evaluate the performance of web services, it is essential to evaluate the QoS (Quality of Service) attributes such as interoperability, reusability, auditability, maintainability, accuracy and performance to improve the quality of service. The purpose of this study is to introduce the systematic literature review of web services testing techniques to evaluate the QoS attributes to make the testing technique better. With the intention of better testing quality in web services, this systematic literature review intends to evaluate what QoS parameters are necessary to provide better quality assurance. The focus of systematic literature is also to make sure that quality of testing can be encouraged for the present and future. Consequently, the main attention and motivation of the study is to provide an overview of recent research efforts of web service testing techniques from the research community. Each testing technique in web services has identified apparent standards, benefits, and restrictions. This systemic literature review provides a different testing resolution to industry to decide which testing technique is the most efficient and effective with the testing assignment agenda with available resources. As for the significance, it can be said that web service testing technique are still broadly open for improvements

Virtual Web Contents (VWC) for personalized presentation

This paper aims to equip the next generation of Web users with the idea of personalized presentation of Web contents by substituting some of the real Web contents with the ‘Virtual Web Contents’ (VWC). In order to realize this idea, we introduce a novel concept of Personal Conceptual Dictionary (PCD). The PCD is an ontology-based dictionary of a collection of user-defined concepts that is utilized to create a new personalized layer of VWC residing between the real web contents and the end-user. Hence, the end-users rather than interacting with all the real contents, may also interact with some of the ‘Virtual Web Contents’ creating an exciting environment making their data visualization more personal and browsing more flexible. Our hypothesis is that by integrating VWC with real Web contents, the Web of future will not just work different but also provides more personalized and pleasant experience to its users. We present some interesting results obtained from the initial implementation of the VWC idea

Challenges experienced by post coronary artery bypass grafting patients: A qualitative study from Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Objective: To explore the experiences of post-coronary artery bypass grafting patients in Pakistan. Method: The qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological study was conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from May 2018 to April 2019, and comprised patients having undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews that included probing questions. Codes, categories and themes were framed through extensive thematic analysis. Results: Of the 14 patients, 11(78.6%) were males with a mean age of 51 years, and 3(21.4%) were females with a mean age of 63 years. Four main themes were generated; challenges, perceptions about coronary artery bypass grafting, coping with the challenges, and perceptions about nurses and doctors. The subjects were of the view that they were affected with certain types of physical, psychological and financial challenges. These encounters affected the patients post-procedure in almost every aspect of their lives and made it difficult for them to carry out activities on a daily basis. Further, coping strategies varied on from individual to individual. Conclusion: Patients after coronary artery bypass grafting were found to encounter issues related to physical, psychological and social spheres. Care for such patients must be planned in a way to avoid such challenges. Continuous..

Comparative evaluation of state-of-the-art approaches in web service testing

Due to the increasing popularity of service-oriented software that are mainly developed using web service technology, web service testing is considered as an important and the fastest growing technical activity in the software engineering field. Web-service testing is required to detect errors and anomalies, and consequently improve the quality of web service-based applications. Web service-based applications have several dissimilarities in the testing process as compared to other software systems testing procedures. There are many efforts made to introduce effective web service testing approaches. However, the proposed approaches focus on different problems and achieved various degree of success. In this study, we categorize and deliberate the prominent web service testing approaches. The approaches are categorized into model-based, AI-based and semantic-based web service testing approaches. This study also presents a set of criteria used to evaluate and compare the state-of-the-art web service testing approaches and conducts the comparative evaluation. The comparative evaluation results may illuminate the strengths and gaps of the existing approach as well as give insight into the potential areas where the effectiveness of web service testing approaches can be improved

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and genotypic characterization of quinolone and ceftriaxone resistant genes among Salmonella typhi from various regions of Pakistan

Objective: To determine the current antibiotic resistance patterns and identification of quinolone and ceftriaxone resistant genes among Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Typhi. Method: The prospective study was conducted from September 2018 to March 2019 and comprised samples collected from major hospitals and laboratories in Karachi, Quetta, Lahore, Kharia, Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Peshawar after approval from the institutional ethics review board of Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected from the health facilities was checked using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method in line with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines at the Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Pakistan. All isolates were subjected for identification of genes responsible for quinolone and ceftriaxone resistance using polymerase chain reaction followed by gel-electrophoresis. Results: Among the 96 isolates, phenotypically, ceftriaxone was found resistant in 31(32.29%) and ciprofloxacin in 95(99%). Genotypically, blaCTX-M-15 (beta lactamase, CTX as its acronym, -M from Munich) gene for ceftriaxone resistance was found in all phenotypically resistant 31(32.29%) isolates, while QnrS (Quinolone resistance, S group), GyrA (DNA gyrase subunit A), and GyrB (DNA gyrase subunit B) genes responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance were found in different frequencies (percentages given in table 2). Conclusion: The spread of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Typhi strain to many big cities calls for urgent preventive measures. Key Words: XDR S. typhi in Pakistan, AMR, Resistance pattern of S. Typhi, Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin resistant genes